Thursday, July 19, 2012


Why The United States will not leave Afghanistan anytime soon!

                                                                        
                                                 The flag of Afghanistan                                        Coat of Arms of Afghanistan 

                                                            Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānistān جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان



Above a 5th century BC carving of Median and Achaemenid soldiers at a time when the region was known as Aryana.
                                     Darius the great mentions theKabul Valley” in a list of the 29 countries he had conquered

 

 

                                               

The invasion

The 2001 invasion of Afghanistan by the United States of America was direct response to the 9/ 11 incidents masterminded by the Al Qaida. At that time the above terrorist group’s headquarters was located in Afghanistan which was under the protection of the Taliban government.

 

                                                                    1997 Osama Ben Laden interview in Afghanistan

                                                                                         By a Pakistani journalist

 

The invasion was solely for security purposes. At that time the U.S. had no knowledge of the existence of any natural resource in Afghanistan in significant amount to justify an invasion, such as those that existed in Iraq, namely the oil.

 

The discovery of minerals

Sometimes after the invasion the United States Geological Survey (USGS) have found out that Afghanistan is rich in undiscovered natural resources. The Pentagon hired a major mining-consulting firm to compile information on the most promising sites in a format attractive to foreign investors. The effort paid off when western investors, led by J.P. Morgan Capital Market, injected $50 million into a small artisanal gold prospect in an alpine valley east of Mazar-e Sharif.

In 2009 the USGS, by using satellite imagery remote sensing, surveyed Afghanistan’s arid plains and high mountains and also on-the ground fieldwork, under military cover, have mapped Afghanistan’s deposits of critical mineral and found out that, beside the existence of the ordinary minerals such as; gold, copper, iron, lead, zinc, mercury, etc, there are rich reserve of “rare-earth elements”.

 

The usage of the rare-earth elements

The rare-earth elements are used in high-tech industry such as; Scandium in Aerospace; Yttrium in laser, TV, computer, microwave etc; Lanthanum in oil refining, hybrid car batteries; Cerium in Catalytic converters, oil refining, glass lens production; Praseodymium in aircraft engines, carbon arc lights; Neodymium in computer hard drive, cell phone, high powered magnets.

There are rich deposits of, at least fourteen other known, rare-earth elements in ragged mountains of Afghanistan that all can be used in high-tech consumer products similar to those mentioned above. For more detail information about mineral deposits found in Afghanistan pleas refer to Scientific Americans magazin, October 2011 issue, pages 58 through 65.

 

At the present time China provides 97 percent of the world’s rare-earth element which makes the other industrialized countries of the world nervous. By some estimate, when the Afghanistan’s rare-earth elements become marketable, it will put an end to China’s monopoly of those elements.

 

Regional problems

Production in Northern Afghanistan, where the Taliban influence is minimal, has already begun by Chinese and Indian companies. But most of the deposits, specially the important rare-earth elements, are located in the Southern region which is under the Taliban influence that at the present time is not safe for investment.

 

Estimated income for Afghanistan

The experts believe that when these resources come to full production, Afghanistan will become the Saudi Arabia of rare Earth elements. These resources will create, annually, billions of dollars of revenue for the government and millions of jobs for the Afghans that could put an end to the dependency of the nation to foreign aids and could, tremendously, reduce the cultivation of the elicit opium.

For example; the value of iron concentrated in Haji-Gak mountainous terrain near Kabul is estimated at whopping $420 billion that could bring $300 million a year revenue for the government of Afghanistan.

            

Conclusion

 

With above in mind the United States presumably, while will pull out its combat troops as scheduled, has following double edged interests in having political and economic presence in Afghanistan for a very long time.

1-      To make sure that the American companies will have the chance to get portion of the future contracts, especially on the discovery and production of the rare-earth elements. Chinese and Indians companies have already signed long term contracts for the discovery and production of several types of ordinary minerals in Northern Afghanistan.

2-      The income from the above resources will put an end to the U.S. financial aid to Afghanistan and also will reduce the dependency of the nation on cultivation of opium that is the source of drug trafficking to the U.S. and the rest of the world. 

 In my opinion if the Talibans come to their senses, they will realize that the exploration of these natural resources will be a win/win situation which will pull Afghanistan out of poverty. But unfortunately that is a long-shot since Islamist are too fnatic and emotional not rational. That is why all countries with Islamic oriented culture are poor, backward, and so far behind the rest of the world. 

It is your intellect that takes you to a prosperous status not your emotion or your religious belief.  

Present day Aghani men dressed in yesteryears fashion

When the day comes that Afghanistan will realize the income from those natural resources, if Afghan leaders are wise enough they will allocate a great portion of that income toward educational programs which is the best way to campaign against ignorance and religious fanaticism. In that sense Afghanistan has a long way to go. 



Tuesday, July 10, 2012


Zarathushtra, a messenger or a philosopher
                  By Maziar August 1999
               Edited; May 2013



   In contrast to most major religions of the world, which are based on “faith”, Zarathustra’s doctrine is based on logic. His philosophy was so far ahead of time that a large number of Zoroastrian scholars, in different periods of time since its foundation, have fallen into the trap of the “newer is better” mentality. Whenever a new ideology or philosophy (mostly religious) came into perspective, in order to keep up with the “progress”, they injected a few of those ideologies into Zarathushtra’s doctrine. Unfortunately, this practice has changed the foundation of the Zoroastrian doctrine.

     It is interesting to know that with the advancement of science in last few centuries, many of those so-called newer progressive philosophies and hypotheses were proven wrong. This not only discredited the religions that introduced those hypotheses, but it also tarnished the image of Zoroastrianism for being influenced by it.

It is very encouraging to see that efforts are being made to purify Zoroastrianism from these influences by returning strictly to the Gothic doctrine (Zarathushtra’s writing), which coexist with science.

     According to the Gathas  all the laws of nature combined together will create a force, or an intelligence. Zarathustra calls this intelligence Hasty-e Kherad, or Ahura Mazda in Avestan language, which determines and maintains the world order. He named this world order “Asha”, meaning "truth", or "law" in Avestan (the mother thong of Zarathushtra).


Zarathushtra did not have supernatural power, nor did he claim to have one. After he chose seclusion and observed the nature for ten years, he came to understand that there is an order that is governing the world not a supernatural being that people of that era used to believe. He called that world order “Asha”. 
    
     According to the Gathas, the universe is dynamic; the universe is constantly progressing in accordance with the laws of nature. And Zarathustra urges his followers try to understand Hasty-e Kherad and to keep up with the progress through strive for knowledge.

If the universe is dynamic and in constant progress, then that means if we go back in time, the universe must have been in more concentrated and a more simpler form, and eventually had a simple beginning.

      Edwin Hubble  the American astrophysicist, in early 20th century mathematically proved that the universe is constantly expanding at a rapid rate. Based on this finding, Hubble and many other scientists concluded that the universe had a beginning, and theory of Big Bang was born.

In recent years, after more than half a century of research since Hubble's finding, scientists were able to calculate the speed of the expansion of the universe and estimated its age at about 13 billion years.

According to Big Bang theory galaxies and stars are constantly interacting and forming new galaxies, stars, and planets (dynamic universe).

     Professor Stephen Hawking, Dean of the School of Astrophysics and mathematics at Cambridge University, concluded in his famous book “A Brief History of Time and Space” that our universe was formed at the time of the Big Bang along with all the laws of nature. He further indicates that these laws have remained the same through the present time without any changes or interference. He also stated that if god had created the universe, he had done it at the time of the Big Bang and left it alone since. Meaning if there is a god, it has no effect on the order of our universe.



     As we can see, these scientific findings are in complete agreement with Zarathustra’s doctrine of the formation and progressive nature of the universe (dynamic universe). Based on this reasoning, I am in disagreement with those Zoroastrian scholars who refer to Zarathustra as a “messenger” instead of a philosopher. The term “messenger” in our society reflects to the theory of creation by Abraham.

According to Abraham universe is static; supposedly some times after the Big Bang, god had interfered in the order of the universe and created humans and other creatures within six days. Then, because Adam and Eve disobeyed the creator, God exiled them from heaven and excommunicated them and consequently he had designated “messengers” in order to keep in-touch with humans. A few sects believe that he then went to bed and will wake up on seventh day.
    
     In my opinion, the term “messenger” that does not fit into Zarathustra’s thinking, has been adopted by a few Zoroastrian scholars to keep up with the so-called “progress”-- The progress that has been proven wrong by science over and over again.

      I believe Zarathustra is a philosopher who introduced a doctrine, along with finest set of ethics to humanity in accordance and coexistence with science, without resorting to superstition.

He campaigned against Magies (the religious leaders of his time) and said “all gods are lies” and he never referred to Ahura Mazda as a god. In Avestan language, ahura means universe and mazda means intelligence. In some parts of Gathas he referred to it as Mazda Ahura as well (intelligence of the universe). In other word, it is the intelligence that exists within every matter that makes our world “dynamic” which is constantly producing, (not creating as Abrahamites came to believe). 
In other word, the two Avestan words; Ahura and Mazda has been used by Zarathushtra to describe a situation that exists in our universe but the god enthusiasts had interpreted it as a god. 
Ahura Mazda is not a god and Zarathushtra was a naturalist and was against all gods. 
Again, the two words; Ahura and Mazda, put together, describe a situation not an entity.

This makes Zarathushtra unique among philosophers as well as among religion originators. The term “messenger” not only does not fit with Zarathustra’s thinking but, in my opinion, will harm his position in human history.


Why I adamantly believe that Zarathushtra was a naturalist.



When one reads The Gathas (the parts that was written by Zarathushtra himself) one can conclude that Zarathushtra believed that; there is an order (Asha) in the universe that governs our world and he said that nothing can change or stop that order, meaning none-existing of supernatural entities or entity to interfere with that natural order.


He also reinforces that belief by instructing his followers; in order to understand the structure and configuration of the natural world (Ahura Mazda/Mazda Ahura, meaning intelligence that exists in our universe), one must strive for knowledge.

When one reads the above statement by Zarathushtra, one can figure out his line of thinking which is based on logic and scientific principle not myth.

With above in mind, if I read an article by a scholar who claims that Zarathushtra was a prophet of some god and used to believe in heaven and hell et. et., would it be logical for me to believe that claim?
By the same token, if I read "Origin of Species" and learn about Natural Selection by Charles Darwin and then read an article by a scholar who claims that Darwin was a religious man, should I believe that claim? Of course not.
Thank you.
 Maziar
پارسی زبانانِ گرامی: برای آشناشدن با برخی ازدگرگونیهای نا درست که موبدانِ زمانِ ساسانی در "فرهنگِ فلسفیِ ایرانی" ایجاد کرده اند را در ویدیوهای زیر از پرفسور منوچهر جمالی ببینید.

Vedio#4

Vedio#5

Vedio#6

Vedio#7

Vedio#8

Link bellow: Professor Kaykhosro Irani explains the "philosophy of Zarathustra"




Saturday, July 7, 2012


To The god cravers of the world:

GOD IS DEAD


Belief in god has created so many miseries, not just for humans but for animals as well.

Throughout the human history, innocent animals have been slaughtered as sacrifices in billions. Innocent humans have been tortured, maimed, murdered, and displaced in millions and millions because you thought that your god is better than your victim’s god. Such a waste!

Such a misguided people you are! You and your gods, from Enn, Enlil, Zeus, and Apollo to Jehovah and Allah you all make me sick, I despise you.

Above; Enlil






< Enlil the chief god of Sumer with wife             







< Zeus







And The lesser gods: 

































>As Nietzsche has said god is dead 
Yes we killed God by curing the sick, by planting kidney, heart, liver, etc. in patient’s body to keep him/her alive; the patient that your god had decided to kill.

We killed god with theory of “Natural Selection”, by excavating fossils, by inventing all kinds of gadgets that god did not want us to have. It began with the invention and manufacture of first stone tool by an unknown person over two million years ago. Since then we constantly and steadily have been choking god to death. To me and 25% of people on Earth god is dead but unfortunately it is still breathing inside the mind of other 75%, what a pity.  

Please read the followings on the subject of god and religion:

http://maziaraptin.blogspot.com/2012/02/is-it-creation-or-evolution.html










A few verses of Koran that all Muslims should know

So many misguided people have claimed that “neither the basic texts of Islam, nor accepted Muslim practice condones terrorism or killing of civilians”.

The above statement is not true. Killing civilians, including women and children was normal practice throughout the history of the Islamic movement. The practice started from the very beginning, based on the verses of the Koran as follows:

Koran 17:16-17
When we decide to destroy a population, we send a definite order to them who have the good things in life and yet transgress; so that Allah's word is proved true against them: then we destroy them utterly. How many generations have we destroyed after Noah? And enough is thy Lord to note and see the Sins of his servants.

Koran 21:11
How many were the populations we utterly destroyed because of their inequities, setting up in their place other peoples.

Koran 58:5
Those who resist Allah and His Messenger will be crumbled to dust, as were those before them: for we have already sent down Clear Signs and the Unbelievers will have a humiliating Penalty.


Koran 44:43-50
Verily the Tree of Zaqqum will be the food of the sinful. Like molten brass it will boil in their insides, Like the boiling of scalding water Seize Ye Him and drag him into the midst of the blazing Fire Then pour over his head the penalty of Boiling Water.

Pouring boiling water on the victim’s head was recorded throughout history. On April 20, 1998, in Ulhampur, India, over 30 innocent Kashmiri Hindu men, women, and children were burned alive in accordance to this verse.

Koran 5:33 The Punishment for those who oppose Allah and his messenger is: Execution or Crucifixion or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite sides or exile from the land.

Koran 5:33 was specifically devised for those who did not believe in Allah. The cutting off of arms from the elbows and legs from the knees from the opposite sides was devised to inflict maximum pain to the victim since  each side of the elbows and knees have different types of nervous system hence they would feel different pain.
Thousands of Iranians were executed in this fashion early in Islam’s reign in Iran. Two most famous people that were executed according to the above verse were:
Babaak Khorramdin in 224 Islamic year and Bayazid Bastami, an 81 year old philosopher whose crime was introducing his version of evolution to his students. He was executed in 261 Islamic Lunar Calendar (9th century AD).

The above verses are an excerpt from “The Meaning of Holy Quran” by Abdullah Yusuf Ali of Egypt.



“Evolution of the Eye”
By Maziar Aptin July 2011
Updated October 2013
                                         

A few weeks ago I wrote an article titled “Is it Creation or Evolution!”

 I recently received the latest issue of “Scientific American” magazine. In that; an article titled “Evolution of The Eye” attracted my attention. It was written by Trevor D. Lamb who is an investigator in the department of neuroscience at the John Curtin School of Medical Research and in the ARC Center of Excellence in Vision Science at Australian National University in Canberra. His research focuses on the rod cone photoreceptors of the vertebrate retina.

After reading the article, I was happy to see that his finding confirms my opinion about the evolution that; all living things, including humans, have started from microorganism billions of years ago.

We all know that the planet Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago. Trevor Lamb, in his article indicates and I quote; We humans have an unbroken line of ancestors stretching back nearly four billion years.
Lamb continues: Around a billion years ago simple multicellular animals diverged into two groups: One had a radially symmetrical body plan (a top, side, and bottom side no front or back), and the other- which gave rise to most of the organisms we think of as animals- was bilaterally symmetrical, with left and right sides that are mirror images of one another and a head end. The bilateria themselves then diverged around 600 million years ago into two important groups: one that gave rise to the vast majority of today’s spineless creatures; or invertebrates, and one whose descendants include our own vertebrate linage. Soon after these two lineages parted ways, an amazing diversity of animal body plans proliferated- the so-called Cambrian Explosion that famously left its mark in the fossil record of around 540 million to 490 million years ago. This burst of evolution laid the groundwork for the emergence of our complex eye.”

Lamb indicates that about 600 million years ago, (about 60 million years prior to the Cambrian Explosion), a shellfish type creature, living in the bottom of the ocean, out of necessity, had developed a light sensor to distinguish between night and day. That light sensor gradually evolved into a primitive vision organ and finally to eye.


The above finding has confirmed Charles Darwin’s argument about evolution of the eye. 
Darwin argued that The human eye could have evolved from a simple light-catching patch of tissue of the kind that animals such as flatworms grow today. Natural selection could have turned the patch into a cup that could detect the direction of the light. Then, some added feature would work with the cup to further improve, better adapting an organism to its surroundings, and so this intermediate precursor of an eye would be passed down to future generations. And, step-by-step, natural selection could drive this transformation to increased complexity because each intermediate form would provide an advantage over what came before.”

This discovery is very important in regard to argument of “evolution vs. creation”.  Last decade or so the creationists, by recruiting a few religious scientists and paying them lavishly, started claiming that the eye which is the most complicated organ could not have evolved by itself but must have had an "intelligent designer". Now this discovery will put an end to such claim.  
  

To read the rest of Lamb’s article about “Evolution of the Eye” please refer to “Scientific American” July 2011 issue, page 64. You could go on their website;   http://www.scientificamerican.com/
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Some scientific info about origin of life:

How the life began on Earth

 

Three Domains

Current understanding of early evolution is that life (based on an analysis of the RNA in their ribosomes) split into two domains one of which later split into two. Hence there are now three domains, called Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes, related as follows:
Possible relationships between three main domains of life
Note that the Bacteria and Archaea appear very similar to each other and very different from more advanced Eukaryotes, so Bacteria and Archaea are often grouped together under the heading prokaryotes. Biologists think that the Archaea are perhaps older than the Bacteria.

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Archaea 3.9  Bya ? (Billion years ago)

Based on their structure and biochemistry we believe the earliest cells were similar to the living Archaea (which used to be called the Archaebacteria). Archaea are probably living fossils, similar to the earliest cells.
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Bacteria 3.5  Bya?

In some of their chemistry, Archaea resemble more advanced cells which we will meet later (eukaryotes). But there is another domain of simple, single-celled organisms which resemble them in size and shape, the Bacteria.
It seems that early cells divided into these two domains, and while the Archaea remain fairly specialized, the Bacteria, have diversified and now form the largest domain of prokaryotes.
The oldest fossil Bacteria found so far are in rocks from Western Australia dating from the Archaean 3.5 billion years old.
These are the simplest cells we find on Earth today, called bacteria (sometimes called germs). Note that one of these is called a bacterium.
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Photosynthesis 3.5 Bya

Bacteria began to trap sunlight and use that energy to make food, such as sugar. This process is called photosynthesis, meaning “constructing with light”. This was a great leap forward. Sunlight-using bacteria appeared soon after the first cells did, about 3.5 billion years ago, and sunlight has been the main source of energy for all life ever since. These bacteria are called blue-green bacteria or cyanobacterias (and sometimes wrongly called blue-green algae).
Many blue-green bacteria can also “fix“atmospheric nitrogen. In Southeast Asia, nitrogen-fixing blue-greens often are grown in rice paddies, removing the need for nitrogen fertilizers.
Blue-greens are important in our story for several reasons:
    they were probably the first bacteria which could perform photosynthesis, so leading to the great oxygen poisoning of 3 billion years ago
    they formed a symbiosis with fungi to create lichen, which was probably the first living thing to live on land
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How photosynthesis works

A cell uses sunlight to create sugar
As they captured sunlight energy to make sugar so carbon dioxide and water were taken in, and oxygen was given out. This oxygen had a huge effect upon the whole world.
Today we obtain almost all of our food from plants, or from animals which have eaten plants, and so it might be interesting to know a bit about how photosynthesis works. It is a fascinating story of molecular changes.
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Paleoproterozoic Era 2.5 to 1.6 Bya


The Paleoproterozoic (“old first life”) was a time when the continents finally stabilized, with modern land forms becoming recognizable.
This was the time of the most dramatic change ever in the nature of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Bacteria able to make use of sunlight for energy continued to grow, resulting in the great oxygen poisoning.
This might also have been the time when larger and more advanced cells (eukaryotes) first appeared.

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Great Oxygen Poisoning 2.4 Bya

During the next 1.7 billion years the Earth’s environment changed dramatically. Up to this point, the atmosphere has been rich in hydrogen compounds such as ammonia and methane gas. Any iron which happened to reach the Earth’s surface remained shiny and bright. But everything changed when blue-green bacteria began to release oxygen.

Once photosynthesis by blue-greens began to release oxygen, iron minerals in the rocks and oceans of the Earth began to combine with the oxygen and turn brown -- the world began to rust. Gradually the whole chemistry of the Earth was changed.
By 1.8 billion years ago all the minerals in the rocks and oceans had rusted. Now the oxygen made by blue-green bacteria began to collect in the atmosphere, which began to change into the air we know today. Never since has the world seen such a drastic change.
This had a terrible effect upon most bacteria. Oxygen attacked many of life’s molecules, combining with them, changing their structure and giving out carbon dioxide and heat. It is the process we call burning. Burning can happen quickly, as in a fire, or slowly, as when a cut apple goes brown.
The new oxygen slowly burnt the proteins and chromosomes inside the bacteria and most of them died in the Great Oxygen Poisoning (also called the Great Oxygenation Event or the Oxygen Catastrophe) of about 2.4 bya, most but not all. Some anaerobes hid away in places where there was no oxygen, such as in the mud at the bottom of swamps. They managed to survive in any place without oxygen, and we still find them living there. These are the anaerobic bacteria which make dead matter putrefy, giving off bad smells.

The Ribosome

The ribosome is central to the process of life. In life today, ribosome occurs both as free particles within cells and as particles attached to membranes inside cells. A ribosome is made of about 40% protein and 60 % nucleic acid. It is composed of four nucleic acid molecules and about 70 different proteins.

Ribosomes are very numerous in a cell and account for a large proportion of its total nucleic acid. 

Viruses

A virus has no ribosomes, water molecules or cell membrane. It cannot build any proteins itself, so it is not a living thing, but it does contain genetic material, either DNA or RNA, which it can inject into a living cell.
Some viruses inject DNA into a cell which is taken into the cell’s chromosome. Others inject RNA which is either used by the cell’s ribosomes to create new protein or converted first into DNA. Viruses which cause the latter process are called retroviruses.
Once inside the chromosome, the new DNA begins to give out messages for making new viruses. The host cell is thereby turned into a factory for making new copies of the virus.
When it is full of viruses the cell bursts open, sending out millions of viruses to infect more cells.
A virus seems like a totally destructive thing, killing cells without doing any good. Usually this is true, but viruses can carry useful genes from one cell to another. Genetic engineers use viruses for this reason.
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Origin of Viruses

Nobody is sure how viruses began. The existence of very large viruses (megaviruses) which contains enough genes to encode about one thousand proteins, more than most bacteria, suggests that they were originally cells which lost the ability to reproduce on their own, adopting instead a parasitic way of life.

However the existence of bacterial spores suggests that perhaps they evolved into viruses.